Among the G-7 economies, average per-capita GDP rose from $31,471 to an expected $64,582 in 2025. Italy is the only member forecast to fall sharply down the rankings, to 35th place from 21st.May 18, 2021 · The GDP per capita of Hawaii was $58,185 in 2018. GDP. Real (inflation adjusted) GDP per Capita over time. It is an important indicator of the economic strength of a country. In 2021, the GDP per capita in Spain was around 30,133.94 U.S. dollars. The Spanish economy is essential for the global market ...Among the G-7 economies, average per-capita GDP rose from $31,471 to an expected $64,582 in 2025. Italy is the only member forecast to fall sharply down the rankings, to 35th place from 21st.Mississippi vs Hawaii. Skip to main content countryeconomy.com. Toggle navigation. Main navigation ... GDP per capita [+] Quarterly GDP [+] 2018Q1: €93,012M: €73 ... Singapore’s economic system is that of a greatly developed and successful free-market economy. There is hardly any corruption with its open trading system. Prices are stable, with a GDP per capita that is higher than a majority of developed...Per capita income in past 12 months (in 2021 dollars), 2017-2021: $39,045: Persons in poverty, percentQuarterly GDP per capita in the UK 1955-2023 Gross new consumer lending in the United Kingdom (UK) 2007-2023, by type Gross domestic product (GDP) of Europe's largest economies 1980-20283. New York. New York is the third-richest state in the United States, with a GDP of $2,053,180,000,000. New York's median household income is the 15th-highest among all states at $71,117. 4. Florida. Florida is the fourth and final state with a GDP of over $1 trillion with $1,389,070,000,000.In 2019, the per capita real gross domestic product of Hawaii was 58,981 chained 2012 U.S. ...Per capita GDP is a measure of the total output of a country that takes gross domestic product (GDP) and divides it by the number of people in the country. The per capita GDP is especially useful ...economy. From 2001 to 2018, the imputed rent in Hawaii increased about $3.billion or about 13 0.6% per year on average. In comparison, total nominal GDP forthe real estate and rental and leasing sector excluding imputed rent increased only about $8.1 billion or 4.8% per year on average during the same period.Published by Statista Research Department , Apr 18, 2023. In 2022, the real gross domestic product (GDP) of California was 2.89 trillion U.S. dollars. This is a slight increase from the previous ...• Hawaii GDP per capita: $55,668 (Myanmar: $1,490) Home to 1.4 million people, Hawaii's economy generated $79.5 billion in 2017, nearly the same as the GDP of Myanmar, a country with a ...Aug 30, 2023 · In the 1st quarter of 2023, the real GDP growth rate for Hawaii was 3.2% per year, compared with 1.2% the previous quarter. The latest data shows that Hawaii economic growth is lower than the US overall. Mississippi vs Hawaii. Skip to main content countryeconomy.com. Toggle navigation. Main navigation ... GDP per capita [+] Quarterly GDP [+] 2018Q1: €93,012M: €73 ...Gross domestic product (GDP), US dollars/capita, 2022 Real GDP forecast, Annual growth rate (%), 2024 29 866 US$ per capita. Projected growth rate: 1.9%. Debt. Household debt, % of net disposable income, 2021 ... Per capita, percentage change, previous period Q1-2023 Chile Per capita, percentage change, previous period: GrossMississippi vs Hawaii. Skip to main content countryeconomy.com. Toggle navigation. Main navigation ... GDP per capita [+] Quarterly GDP [+] 2018Q1: €93,012M: €73 ...Gross domestic product (GDP), US dollars/capita, 2022 Real GDP forecast, Annual growth rate (%), 2024 29 866 US$ per capita. Projected growth rate: 1.9%. Debt. Household debt, % of net disposable income, 2021 ... Per capita, percentage change, previous period Q1-2023 Chile Per capita, percentage change, previous period: GrossOn the other hand, Hawaii, where a dominant share of emissions is also from petroleum, had a residential share that rounds to zero, which was the lowest in the United States because of its minimal heating fuel requirements. ... The 2016 national average was 6,000 Btu per dollar of GDP. ... Per capita energy-related carbon dioxide emissions …Hidden Hunger Index vs. GDP per capita. Higher labor productivity and price levels in richer and poorer countries. Historical national accounts estimates of the distribution of people living at different income thresholds globally. Historical national accounts estimates of the share of people living below $5 a day.GDP per capita (current LCU) GDP per capita, PPP (constant 2017 international $) Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) Oil rents (% of GDP) Download. CSV XML EXCEL. DataBank. Explore Our DataBank. Selected Countries and Economies. Country. Most Recent Year. Most Recent Value. High income. Country.GDP per Capita . GDP Value . Current Account. Credit Rating. Wages Growth. ... Trade (NAICS 42, 44-45) in Hawaii Gross Domestic Product: Transportation and Utilities ...GDP per capita (constant LCU) GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for …U.S. dollars per capita · Emerging market and developing economies. 6.45 thousand · Advanced economies. 55.92 thousand · World. 13.33 thousand.The gross domestic product per capita in Sweden was forecast to continuously increase between 2023 and 2028 by in total 11,529.9 U.S. dollars (+20.88 percent). After the fifth consecutive ...gross domestic product (GDP) per capita (to assess standard of living). To convert these metrics into indices between 0 and 1, the HIHD uses a different methodology from that of the HDI. Whereas the HDI scales these linearly …The ten states with the highest GDP are California, Texas, New York, Florida, Illinois, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Georgia, New Jersey, and Washington. The state with the highest GDP is California, with a GDP of $3.5 trillion. Texas has the second-highest GDP, with a GDP of $2.1 trillion, driven by the energy industry and international trade.Alabama. - 2018 state GDP: $221.7 billion. - GDP higher than: 161 of 212 countries. - GDP equal to: Greece ($218 billion) plus Suriname ($3.6 billion) Thanks to the booming tech industry in Huntsville and surrounding areas, Alabama’s GDP received a boost of $22 billion. That puts Alabama’s GDP above the total for Greece, which is slowly ...New Jersey. $582 billion. United States. $20 trillion. Previous Next. Altogether, California, New York, and Texas account for almost one-third of the country’s economy, combining for $6.3 trillion in real GDP in 2022. The only other state that reached the trillion dollar mark is Florida with $1.1 trillion. Texas’ economy is driven largely ...Apr 19, 2023 · In 2022, the per capita personal income in Hawaii was 61,175 U.S. dollars. Per capita personal income is calculated as the personal income of the residents of a given area divided by the resident ... The table below lists countries in the world ranked by GDP at Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) per capita, along with the Nominal GDP per capita. PPP takes into account the relative cost of living, rather than using only exchange rates, therefore providing a more accurate picture of the real differences in income. See also: GDP by Country #The table below is an imperfect attempt at assessing Haiti's Income per capita level (proxied as World Economics GDP per capita) and Haiti's Asset wealth per capita (proxied by data derived from the Credit Suisse Wealth Report 2022), and using Untited Nations population data. Data for each indicator is indexed on a scale of 0-100 where 100 ...Aug 30, 2023 · In the 1st quarter of 2023, the real GDP growth rate for Hawaii was 3.2% per year, compared with 1.2% the previous quarter. The latest data shows that Hawaii economic growth is lower than the US overall. Do you need help in another language? We will get you a free interpreter. Call (808)-586-2355 to tell us which language you speak. US dollars/capita 2021 Ireland US dollars/capita: Total US dollars/capita 2002-2021 Ireland (red), OECD - Total (black) Total US dollars/capita 2021 Ireland (red) Trade in goods and services Indicator: 137.1 Exports % of GDP 2022 Ireland % of GDP: Exports % of GDP 2003-2022 Ireland (red) Exports % of GDP 2022 Ireland (red)Saskatchewan moved from the province with the sixth highest relative GDP per capita, at 70.5% in 1950, to the province with the second highest GDP per capita, at 116.7% in 2016. While Alberta did not move much in rank, its GDP per capita grew significantly from 1950 to 2016, rising from 98.9% relative GDP per capita in 1950 to …What is the Annual change in GDP? What is the Population Count? What is the Population Density? What is the Land Area? What is the Percent who did not finish the 9th grade? What is the Total Administration Salaries? What is the Student Teacher Ratio? What is the Median Earnings? What is the Number of Employees? What is the Percent Without ...This is a list of regions and highly urbanized cities of the Philippines by GDP and GDP per capita according to the data by the Philippine Statistics Authority. [1] Data for 2023 estimates (international US$ using 2023 PPP conversion factor from the International Monetary Fund ).U.S. real GDP of Hawaii 2000-2022 Published by Statista Research Department , Sep 21, 2023 In 2022, the real gross domestic product (GDP) of Hawaii was about 75.42 billion U.S. dollars....Data are in current U.S. dollars. Kenya gdp per capita for 2022 was $2,099, a 1.43% increase from 2021. Kenya gdp per capita for 2021 was $2,070, a 6.89% increase from 2020. Kenya gdp per capita for 2020 was $1,936, a 1.72% decline from 2019. Kenya gdp per capita for 2019 was $1,970, a 6.73% increase from 2018. GDP per capita is gross …US dollars/capita 2021 Ireland US dollars/capita: Total US dollars/capita 2002-2021 Ireland (red), OECD - Total (black) Total US dollars/capita 2021 Ireland (red) Trade in goods and services Indicator: 137.1 Exports % of GDP 2022 Ireland % of GDP: Exports % of GDP 2003-2022 Ireland (red) Exports % of GDP 2022 Ireland (red)Note that several leading GDP-per-capita (nominal) jurisdictions may be considered tax havens, and their GDP data subject to material distortion by tax planning activities. Examples include Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, Ireland, and Luxembourg. [3] All data are in current United States dollars. Historical data can be found here. Per capita GDP in Shenzhen city, China 2012-2022; Denmark: Quarterly gross domestic product (GDP) per capita Q1 2014 to Q2 2019; Share of tax evasion identified in the GDP in Romania 1990-2017Megacities produce a healthy portion of the world's GDP, but also produce more waste per capita. Thanks to the mass migration to urban areas in recent years, there has been a corresponding boom in the number of so-called megacities—populati...GDP GDP per capita; 1: California: 3.5 trillion: $89,540: 2: Texas: 2.1 trillion: $71,274: 3: New York: ... Hawaii has a GDP of $94,937,000,000 and a GDP per capita ... The table below is an imperfect attempt at assessing Jordan's Income per capita level (proxied as World Economics GDP per capita) and Jordan's Asset wealth per capita (proxied by data derived from the Credit Suisse Wealth Report 2022), and using Untited Nations population data. Data for each indicator is indexed on a scale of 0-100 where 100 ...GDP - Gross Domestic Product; US States GDP at market prices Hawaii - GDP at market prices Subscribe to our free email alert service ‹The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in South Korea was worth 1665.25 billion US dollars in 2022, according to official data from the World Bank. The GDP value of South Korea represents 0.72 percent of the world economy. GDP in South Korea averaged 539.66 USD Billion from 1960 until 2022, reaching an all time high of 1810.96 USD Billion in 2021 and …Per Capita Personal Income by State, Annual. Filter 0. Graph and download economic data for Per Capita Personal Income in Hawaii (HIPCPI) from 1950 to 2022 …The table below is an imperfect attempt at assessing both country Income per capita levels (proxied as World Economics GDP per capita) and Asset wealth per capita (proxied by data derived from the Credit Suisse Wealth Report 2022), and using Untited Nations population data. Data for each indicator is indexed on a scale of 0-100 where 100 = 'As ...GDP per capita (constant LCU) GDP per capita is gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for …Per capita GDP in Shenzhen city, China 2012-2022; Denmark: Quarterly gross domestic product (GDP) per capita Q1 2014 to Q2 2019; Share of tax evasion identified in the GDP in Romania 1990-2017Mar 29, 2022 · GDP per capita is a country’s economic output divided by its population. It's a good representation of a country's standard of living. It also describes how much citizens benefit from their country's economy. Purchase power parity compares different countries’ economic output using a standardized metric based the a common basket of goods ... U.S. real GDP of Hawaii 2000-2022. Published by Statista Research Department , Sep 21, 2023. In 2022, the real gross domestic product (GDP) of Hawaii was about 75.42 billion U.S. dollars....Gross Domestic Product: Transportation and Utilities (NAICS 22, 48-49) in Hawaii. Real Gross Domestic Product: All Industry Total in Hawaii. Real Gross Domestic Product: Natural Resources and Mining (NAICS 11, 21) in Hawaii. Real Gross Domestic Product: Trade (NAICS 42, 44-45) in Hawaii.Jun 1, 2023 · Per capita GDP in Shenzhen city, China 2012-2022; Austria: Quarterly gross domestic product (GDP) per capita Q1 2014 to Q2 2019; Share of tax evasion identified in the GDP in Romania 1990-2017 Per capita GDP is a measure of the total output of a country that takes gross domestic product (GDP) and divides it by the number of people in the country. The per capita GDP is especially useful ...Data are in current U.S. dollars. South Africa gdp per capita for 2022 was $6,776, a 3.95% decline from 2021. South Africa gdp per capita for 2021 was $7,055, a 22.88% increase from 2020. South Africa gdp per capita for 2020 was $5,742, a 14.16% decline from 2019. South Africa gdp per capita for 2019 was $6,689, a 5.1% decline from 2018.Donate now. The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure of key dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, a good education, and a decent standard of living. GDP per capita is adjusted for inflation and differences in the cost of living between countries.Apr 27, 2023 · In 2022, the real GDP of Hawaii increased by about 1.2 percent compared to the previous year. ... Per capita gross domestic product (GDP) in China 2022, by region; Gross domestic product (GDP) in ... Section Narrative 13.01 Direct Income from Major Export Industries: 1990 to 2017 13.02 Gross Domestic Product, Total and Per Capita and Resident Population: 1963 to 2018 13.03 Gross Domestic Product, Hawaii and the United States: 1963 to 2018 13.04 Gross Domestic Product, by SIC Industry: 1977 to 1997 13.05 Gross Domestic Product, by NAICS Industry: […] Hawaii consumer inflation is expected to decrease to 2.3 percent by 2026. Hawaii’s population is expected to decrease by 0.1 percent in 2023 and 2024, remain stable in 2025, and increase by 0.1 percent in 2026. ACTUAL AND FORECAST OF KEY ECONOMIC INDICATORS FOR HAWAII: 2022 TO 2026. Economic Indicators. 2021.Published by Statista Research Department , Jun 1, 2023. Out of all 50 states, New York had the highest per-capita real gross domestic product (GDP) in 2022, at 79,434 U.S. dollars, followed ...Oct 13, 2023 · The gross domestic product per capita in Estonia was forecast to continuously increase between 2023 and 2028 by in total 9,743 U.S. dollars (+31.43 percent). The table below lists countries in the world ranked by GDP at Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) per capita, along with the Nominal GDP per capita. PPP takes into account the relative cost of living, rather than using only exchange rates, therefore providing a more accurate picture of the real differences in income. See also: GDP by Country #Per capita income in past 12 months (in 2021 dollars), 2017-2021: $39,045: Persons in poverty, percent3. New York. New York is the third-richest state in the United States, with a GDP of $2,053,180,000,000. New York's median household income is the 15th-highest among all states at $71,117. 4. Florida. Florida is the fourth and final state with a GDP of over $1 trillion with $1,389,070,000,000.Hawaii’s per capita income (per the Bureau of Economic Analysis) was $61,175 in 2022, ranking 27th among the states. It was below both the national average of $65,423 and the Far West regional average of $73,053.The calculation is straightforward. There are two components – mainly GDP and the country’s total population. So, the formula for GDP Per Capita is Total GDP / Total Population. If we are looking at a particular point in one country, we can use Nominal GDP, which means the nominal GDP is measured in the current dollar. U.S. annual GDP growth in Hawaii 2000-2022. Published by Statista Research Department , Apr 27, 2023. In 2022, the real GDP of Hawaii increased by about 1.2 percent compared to the...But the District of Columbia had the highest per-capita GSP. GDP By State Compare state and local spending and debt for the 50 states against state growth and population.Annual GDP Annual GDP GDP Growth (%) 2022: €95,995M: $101,083M: 1.3%: 2021: €78,710M: ...Hawaii Subscribe to our free email alert service ... GDP Per Capita [+] 2018Q1: 50,408K: Annual GDP [+] 2022: €95,995M: Annual GDP [+] 2022: $101,083M: GDP per ... PIB Per Capita [+], 2022, 70.121 $ ; PIB Trimestral [+], I Trim 2018, 73.513 M€ ; Mercado Laboral ; Tasa de desempleo [+], Septiembre 2023, 2,8% ; Socio-Demografía.QuickFacts provides statistics for all states and counties, and for cities and towns with a population of 5,000 or more. Mean travel time to work (minutes), workers age 16 years+, 2017-2021. Median household income (in 2021 dollars), 2017-2021. Per capita income in past 12 months (in 2021 dollars), 2017-2021. Total annual payroll, 2021 ($1,000 ...Hawaii.gov. "HI GPI ... GDP per capita is a metric that breaks down a country's GDP per person and is calculated by dividing the GDP of a country by its population. more.The Gross Domestic Product per capita in Uganda was last recorded at 934.90 US dollars in 2022. The GDP per Capita in Uganda is equivalent to 7 percent of the world's average. GDP per Capita in Uganda averaged 598.42 USD from 1982 until 2022, reaching an all time high of 934.90 USD in 2022 and a record low of 329.17 USD in 1986. This page …The gross domestic product per capita in Ethiopia was forecast to continuously increase between 2023 and 2028 by in total 1,129.4 U.S.Sep 30, 2022 · Per capita real GDP of Oregon 2000-2019. In 2019, the per capita real gross domestic product of Oregon was 52,726 chained 2012 U.S. dollars, a slight increase from the previous year. Since 2000 ... The GDP per capita of Hawaii was $58,185 in 2018. GDP. Real (inflation adjusted) GDP per Capita over time. Change in GDP. Annual change in real GDP.Published by Statista Research Department , Sep 30, 2022. This statistic shows the per capita real Gross Domestic Product of Ohio from 2000 to 2019. In 2019, the per capita real GDP of Ohio stood ...economy. From 2001 to 2018, the imputed rent in Hawaii increased about $3.billion or about 13 0.6% per year on average. In comparison, total nominal GDP forthe real estate and rental and leasing sector excluding imputed rent increased only about $8.1 billion or 4.8% per year on average during the same period.Notes: Income Wealth uses GDP per capita derived from World Economics GDP data for 2022 measured in PPP Int$ terms, with added estimates for the Informal economy and adjustments for Base Year age. Asset Wealth uses the Credit Suisse Mean Net Wealth per country data converted into per capita terms using population data from the United …economy. From 2001 to 2018, the imputed rent in Hawaii increased about $3.billion or about 13 0.6% per year on average. In comparison, total nominal GDP forthe real estate and rental and leasing sector excluding imputed rent increased only about $8.1 billion or 4.8% per year on average during the same period.Section Narrative 13.01 Direct Income from Major Export Industries: 1990 to 2019 13.02 Gross Domestic Product, Total and Per Capita and Resident Population: 1963 to 2020 13.03 Gross Domestic Product, Hawaii and the United States: 1963 to 2020 13.04 Gross Domestic Product, by SIC Industry: 1977 to 1997 13.05 Gross Domestic Product, by NAICS Industry: […] Per capita consumption refers to the average consumption per person within a population. While this information can be helpful for determining how much a population consumes, it does not account for consumption disparities between individua...Per capita real GDP statistics for 2010-2018 reflect Census Bureau midyear population estimates available as of December 2018. These were used to calculate the current dollar per capita GDP.Jul 13, 2021 · CNBC's 2021 study put all 50 states to the test, measuring them on more than 85 different metrics in 10 key categories of competitiveness.
Belize was the site of several Mayan city states until their decline at the end of the first millennium A.D. The British and Spanish disputed the region in the 17th and 18th centuries; it formally became the colony of British Honduras in 1862. Territorial disputes between the UK and Guatemala delayed the independence of Belize until 1981.. What does ms ed stand for
After three decades of lagging growth Real GDP per capita in Hawaii has now fallen below the US. The COVID-19 pandemic has just exacerbated this long run trend in which Hawaii’s real GDP per capita has now fallen to 10% behind the US overall. If we were to account for regional price differences, Hawaii would be even further behind. read …Section Narrative 13.01 Direct Income from Major Export Industries: 1990 to 2019 13.02 Gross Domestic Product, Total and Per Capita and Resident Population: 1963 to 2020 13.03 Gross Domestic Product, Hawaii and the United States: 1963 to 2020 13.04 Gross Domestic Product, by SIC Industry: 1977 to 1997 13.05 Gross Domestic Product, by NAICS Industry: […]Gross domestic product (GDP), US dollars/capita, 2022 Real GDP forecast, Annual growth rate (%), 2024 114 932 US$ per capita. Projected growth rate: 1.5%. Debt. Household debt, % of net disposable income, 2021 ... Per capita, percentage change, previous period Q4-2021 Norway Per capita, percentage change, previous period: GrossGross domestic product (GDP) per capita is an economic metric that breaks down a country's economic output per person. Economists use GDP per capita to …In the 1st quarter of 2023, the real GDP growth rate for Hawaii was 3.2% per year, compared with 1.2% the previous quarter. The latest data shows that Hawaii economic growth is lower than the US overall.Hawaii remained the lowest per capita new COVID-19 cases in the nation as of Feb. 28, 2021 and both the national and Hawaii new cases have declined over 50 percent in the past 30 days. As of Feb. 28, 2021, 17.5 percent of Hawaii’s population had been vaccinated at least with one shot, higher than the U.S. average at 15 percent.The table below lists countries in the world ranked by GDP at Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) per capita, along with the Nominal GDP per capita. PPP takes into account the relative cost of living, rather than using only exchange rates, therefore providing a more accurate picture of the real differences in income. See also: GDP by Country # GDP GDP per capita; 1: California: 3.5 trillion: $89,540: 2: Texas: 2.1 trillion: $71,274: 3: New York: ... Hawaii has a GDP of $94,937,000,000 and a GDP per capita ...Hawaii's economy is not energy intensive and ranks fifth among the states that use the least energy per dollar of GDP. 12 Major contributors to the state's economy are real estate, tourism, construction, and government, including the U.S. military. 13 Hawaii has the third-lowest total energy use among the states and ranks lowest in per capita ...Alabama. - 2018 state GDP: $221.7 billion. - GDP higher than: 161 of 212 countries. - GDP equal to: Greece ($218 billion) plus Suriname ($3.6 billion) Thanks to the booming tech industry in Huntsville and surrounding areas, Alabama’s GDP received a boost of $22 billion. That puts Alabama’s GDP above the total for Greece, which is slowly ...Out of all 50 states, New York had the highest per-capita real gross domestic product (GDP) in 2022, at 79,434 U.S. dollars, followed closely by Massachusetts.The GDP of the country in 2018 is as follows: = (1945790000+742938000+9021390000)+4554917500-1180740750. The GDP of the country = 15084294750. Further, there has also been growth in the population of the country. Based on the last census count, the population has grown by 3% and 5% in 2017 and 2018. The difference in the Roman and Byzantine GDP (PPP) per capita is due to the authors operating with differing conversion rates for the subsistence level: $300 in the Roman case (2.1 x $300 = ~$633), $400 in the Byzantine one (1.7 x $400 = $680). This means that Roman GDP (PPP) per capita was around 20% higher than the Byzantine one.Rank Country Population in million GDP Nominal millions of USD GDP Nominal per capita USD GDP (PPP) millions of USD GDP (PPP) per capita USD — ASEAN 678.060: 3,862,054Related information about China GDP Per Capita data. In the latest reports, China GDP expanded 2.900 % YoY in Dec 2022. Its GDP deflator (implicit price deflator) increased 0.047 % in Dec 2022. Gross Savings Rate of China was measured at 45.892 % in Dec 2021. View China's GDP per Capita from 1957 to 2022 in the chart:.
Popular Topics
- Wsu cheerPokemon ultra sun save file
- Is chalk a sedimentary rockQue es ser chicana
- Does home depot replace glassWomen's schwinn hybrid bike
- What is one of the standards of fair chase quizletCars for sale owner craigslist
- Ku basketball statsWorks clearinghouse
- Chase kaplanWhich scenario is the best example of public health promotion
- M.j. riceJoe engle astronaut